sustainable development
GLOBAL FUTURE CITIES PROGRAMME
EQUITABLE TODP -
Transit-Oriented Development Plan for Khlong Bang Luang Area, Bangkok
year 2020-2021
āđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļāļāļŠāđāļāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļāļāļĢāļīāđāļ§āļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļĢāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļāļŦāļ§āđāļē
āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĩāļĒāļĄ
āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĩāļĒāļĄ
āļāļĩ āļ.āļĻ 2563-2564
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(āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāđāļāļĒ āļāļĢāļļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāļĨāļ)
The Global Future Cities Programme (GFCP) supported a select number of cities in middle-income countries to generate greater and more inclusive local economic growth by improving the way their cities are planned and managed. This included developing more sustainable and environmentally resilient cities, supporting a reduction in poverty and social inequality faced by many urban populations and the creation of mutually beneficial two-way trade and investment opportunities for the UK and other international actors. The programme was led by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), with an oversight structure that drew on resource from the Department for International Trade (DIT). It delivered a set of targeted technical assistance interventions in 19 selected cities across ten countries: Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar (closed 2021), Nigeria, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam.
Urban Futures and Policy Research Unit is a local partner of The Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Project in Bangkok. Urban Futures and Policy Research Unit provides expertise on urban planning, housing, and governance in attempt to solve its major traffic problem by expanding its mass transit systems city-wide. A side effect of the expansion was that new mass transit systems and stations have promoted urban growth and regeneration in those areas and caused surrounding land values to spike. Often this was to the detriment of local communities and businesses. The TOD programme worked with the local authority, BMA, to create a masterplan for urban development of surrounding areas with the aim to increase the use of public transportation and decrease traffic congestion in the new residential and commercial areas.
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The work on the TOD introduced two core principles, which were not previously been part of Bangkokâs planning process: ensuring social inclusion and promoting citizen-centric development. The TOD aimed to show how a comprehensive, consultative, citizen-centric approach could work in Bangkok â drawing city planners and local stakeholders into the planning process.
The Transit-Oriented Development project was developed under an âEquitable TODâ concept, which aimed to elevate and prioritise investments and policies that benefit citizens from all socio-economic groups. This equitable TOD will ensure that local communities and businesses will benefit from the new developments. The TOD provided a master plan for development to the local authority BMA, which will aid the creation of an inclusive, mixed-use community with diverse cultural, green and artistic activities. Low-energy infrastructure and a climate resilient design was taken into account since the area is flood prone. Lastly, connectivity and sustainable transportation was also a focus. The approach established in TOD will provide best practice to drive changes for new development projects in Bangkok.
1.) The livable city, this topic has the most numerous research but the integration with other aspects remain limited and there are few studies regarding urban health.
2.) Sustainable Cities, which is second in research quantity but is still lacking the consideration of whether or not existing developments are sustainable and long term evaluation and monitoring of projects which are not sufficiently clear.
3.) Fairness and equity; most research does not cover this component and existing research on the topic remain ambiguous about discouraging discrimination against vulnerable groups in society and limited connections have been made to the issue of the city. There is also a lack of clarity regarding business ethics.
4.) Viable â Eco Efficiency; there is limited research on this topic because it is seldom put into action. Only few agencies are involved in this type of development. Existing research is not sufficiently decisive in its support of eco cities and compact cities, and there is also limited research on low-carbon cities.
5.) Urban governance, which has the least amount of existing research. Despite the existence of working committees and indicators, their work has been ambiguous and there is limited cooperation between agencies as well as participation in all stages of the operational development and evaluation. Consequently, it is advisable for the conceptual development of sustainable cities to focus on viable eco-efficiency and urban governance while also prioritising a comprehensive and integrated approach consistent with the international context as well operational research which can be realistically implemented. Future research should also correspond to the objective of sustainable development within 2030 for comprehensive academic research on sustainable cities.
Partners
UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO)
Donor
The Foreign. Commonwealth & Development Office is the department of the UK Government administering the Prosperity Fund. The Prosperity Fund is a ÂĢ1.2 billion portfolio of programmes that looks to create opportunities for international business including UK companies as a result of this economic growth, as a secondary benefit.
UN-Habitat
Strategic Partner
UN-Habitat works for a better urban future. Based in over 90 countries, UN-Habitat promotes the development of socially and environmentally sustainable cities, towns & communities. UN-Habitat strives for adequate shelter with better living standards for all, and its objective is to advance sustainable urbanization as a driver of development and peace to improve living conditions for all.
Mott MacDonald (MM)
Transport, Sustainability, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineer
Mott MacDonald is a global engineering, management and development consultancy delivering a portfolio of programmes for the Prosperity Fund across the world targeting better health, digital infrastructure, climate resilience, sustainable urban planning, and smart transport solutions in multiple UK partner cities. Based in the United Kingdom, MM offers skills and resources across various markets, including communications, education, health, renewable energy, transport, water, power and environment, and has experience in combining local knowledge and UK expertise to deliver transformational landmark projects.
Broadway Malyan (BM)
Master planning and Urban Design
Broadway Malyan is a global urbanism, architecture and design practice dedicated to creating cities, buildings and spaces that will provide a lasting legacy. Through a shared design ethos, we work together to create places with a strong sense of identity where people and communities want to live, learn, shop, work and relax. Our collaborative approach to integrated sustainable design has enabled us to deliver award-winning projects at all scales across the world. With headquarters in the UK and a network of international studios, our global reach gives us the versatility to bring together interdisciplinary teams to support the Prosperity Fund to achieve meaningful impact in Global Future Cities Programmeâs 9 Southeast Asian cities.
Savills
Property Market Analysis and Land Value Capture Expert
Founded in the UK in 1855, Savills is one of the world's leading property agents. Our experience and expertise spans the globe, with 600 offices across the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, Africa and the Middle East. The company gives wide-ranging specialist and local knowledge, and takes pride in providing best-in-class advice as we help individuals, businesses and institutions make better property decisions
Thammasat university
Local Lead on Urban Planning, Tourism and Governance
Urban Futures and policy is a local lead which includes the deployment of the following roles: Deputy Team Leader, Urban planning, Housing and Tourism Specialist, Policy Specialis
, and Law and Regulation Specialist
Silpakorn University
Social Engagement
Savilles
Property market analyst and Land Value Capture
(āļāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāđāļāļĒ)
āđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢ Global Future Cities: Equitable TODP (A Transit Oriented Development plan) for the Khlong Bang Luang area and Bang Wa BTS Station āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ āđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļāļāļŠāđāļāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļāļāļĢāļīāđāļ§āļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļĢāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļāļŦāļ§āđāļēāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĩāļĒāļĄ āļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĒāđāļāđāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļŦāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļ (Prosperity Fund Future Cities Programme) āļ āļēāļĒāđāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāļāļļāļāļāļēāļ The Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢ āđāļāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļļāļāđāļāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļāļāļĢ
āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļāļāļŠāđāļāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļ (Transit-Oriented Development āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ TOD) āļāļ·āļ āđāļāļ§āļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļāļāļŠāđāļāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļŠāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāļŠāļđāļāļŠāļļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļāļĩāđāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļŠāļđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļđāļāđāļāđāļŦāđāļāļāđāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļŦāļąāļāļĄāļēāđāļāđāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļŠāđāļāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļāđāļŦāđāļĄāļēāļāļāļķāđāļ āđāļāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļēāļāļŦāļ§āđāļē-āļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļāļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļ TOD āļāļąāđāļ āļāļļāļāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāđāļāļāļāđāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļģāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ°āļāđāļāļāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāđāļēāļ āđ āđāļĄāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļ°āđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ āļāđāļēāļāđāļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļ āļāđāļēāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļāđāļ§āļāļĨāđāļāļĄ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļĒāđāļāļĒ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļŦāļĨāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļķāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļ āļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāđāļāļĒāļ·āļ
āđāļāļĒāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļĒāļāļēāļĒāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļŦāđāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđ āđāļāđāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāđāļ§āļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļāļ°āļŠāļāļēāļāļąāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļāđāļēāļāļĩāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļ 3 āļāđāļēāļ āđāļāļĒāļāļąāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāđ
ðđāļāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļĄāļ·āļāļ (Urban planning) āļāļģāđāļāļĒ āļĢāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļ§āļīāļāļīāļāļĢāļāļļāļĐāļāļē āļĄāļēāļĢāļĄāļĒāđ āļāļđāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļŊ
ðđāļāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĒāļđāđāļāļēāļĻāļąāļĒ (Housing) āļāļģāđāļāļĒ āļāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļāļļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāđ āļāļāļāļļāļĨ āļĢāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļŊ
ðđāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļĢāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ (Law and regulation) āļāļģāđāļāļĒ āļāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļāļĢāļŠāļąāļāļāđ āđāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļļāļāđāļĨāļīāļĻāļāļąāļĒ āļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļīāļāļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđ āļāļļāļŽāļēāļĨāļāļāļĢāļāđāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ
āļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļđāļĢāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļĄāļ·āļāļ āļāļĩāđāļāļĒāļđāđāļāļēāļĻāļąāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļĢāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāļ§āļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļ§āļąāļ (Resilience) āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ·āļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļŠāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļāļēāļāļēāļĻ (Climate change)
āļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāļĄāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļĨāđāļ§ āļĒāļąāļāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāļĄāļāļđāđāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāđāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāđāļēāļ āđāļāđāđāļāđ
ðđ Mott MacDonald āļāđāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļŠāđāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļ āļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļīāđāļāđāļ§āļāļĨāđāļāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāđāļāļĒāļ·āļ
ðđ Broadway Malyan āļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļĄāđāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāđāļāļāđāļĄāļ·āļāļ (Master Plan and Urban Design)
ðđ āļāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ Savills āļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļĨāļēāļāļāļŠāļąāļāļŦāļēāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļĒāđāļāļīāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ (land tax / Land Value Capture)
ðđ āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļĻāļīāļĨāļāļēāļāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢ
ðđ UN-Habitat āļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļĄāļĩāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļāļāđ (Strategic partner)
Urban Futures & Policy āđāļāđāļāļģāđāļŠāļāļāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļļāļāđāļāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļāļāļĢ āļāļĢāđāļāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļŠāļāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļĢāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļ āļēāļāļĢāļąāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāđāļĄāđāļāļ (Masterplan) āļŠāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļĒāđāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļ āđāļāļŠāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļĢāļīāļ (Governance and Implementation) āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļŠāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļđāļĢāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļąāļāđāļĄāđāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļŠāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļīāļ āļāļąāļāđāļĄāđāļāļ TODP āđāļāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāđāđāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđāļ§āļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļąāļāļāļē āđāļāļŠāļđāđāļāļąāļāđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļāļēāļāļĩāļāļēāļāļŦāļ§āđāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļ
āļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļĢāļāđāļāļēāļĄāļāļēāļāļāļĩāļĄāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļŊāđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļāļĩāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļļāđāļāļĄāļąāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđāļ§āļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļāļ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļŦāđāļāļāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļđāđāđāļāđ āļŠāļ°āļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļāļđāđāđāļāđ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļŠāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāđāļāđāļāļĢāļīāļ āļĄāļēāļāđāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļąāđāļāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļŊāļĒāļąāļāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĒāļąāđāļāļĒāļ·āļāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļāļāļĢāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāđāļāđāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļ (sustainable and resilient city)
Research Team
Assoc.Prof. Wijitbusaba Marome (āļĢāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļ§āļīāļāļīāļāļĢāļāļļāļĐāļāļē āļĄāļēāļĢāļĄāļĒāđ)
Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University
Asst.Prof. Dr. Boonanan Natakun (āļāļĻ.āļāļĢ. āļāļļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāđ āļāļāļāļļāļĨ)
Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pornson Liengboonlertchai (āļāļĻ.āļāļĢāļāļĢāļŠāļąāļāļāđ āđāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļļāļāđāļĨāļīāļĻāļāļąāļĒ.)
Law & regulation/key researcher
Nontarit Bejrananda
Deputy lead /research assistant
Dr.Nuttavikhom Phanthuwongpakdee (āļāļĢ. āļāļąāļāļ§āļīāļāļĄ āļāļąāļāļāļļāļ§āļāļĻāđāļ āļąāļāļāļĩ)
Research assistant
Pirunpone Sae-aueng
Research assistant
Pronpan Phuwadonphairot
Research assistant
Pachara Mainn
GIS/spatial analysis
Prasert Laohathaweechok
GIS/spatial analysis